A young gentleman with pale skin and a full head of long hair sits in elegant hunting attire on an armchair, looking at us. However, the person depicted is not a young gentleman, but Liselotte of the Palatinate, the Duchess of Orléans. Her clothing and posture break with long-established viewing habits.
Liselotte of the Palatinate grew up in Heidelberg and Hanover, moved to France for her marriage to the brother of the French „Sun King“ and became the second most powerful woman in the state. However, from an early age she had unusual interests for a Princess and particularly enjoyed playing with wooden swords and pistols. She also wanted to be a boy rather than a girl.
This wish suddenly seemed within reach when she heard a story about the power of the imagination by Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592). In it, the writer and philosopher reported on his encounter with an old man who everyone in the village knew as Marie Germain. By jumping up and down violently, Marie's male sexual organs are said to have been freed from her female body. The young 22-year-old had become a man named Germain! Liselotte was almost obsessed with this story and then tried to become a boy herself in the same way. In a letter to Caroline of Wales, she marvels in retrospect at not having broken her neck “a hundred times over” while jumping. So she must have been really seriously trying.
In keeping with the character traits already described, she preferred to wear hunting clothes based on male fashion and was bothered by the female fashion constraints of her time. She wanted everyone to wear only the clothes they felt most comfortable in. In her portrait, even her hairstyle is based on male fashion. She may even be wearing the male allonge wig.
There is another aspect that set Liselotte apart from the women of her time: she cared little for beauty ideals. She had already had negative experiences since her childhood. Her aunt described her as not beautiful and her father even said she had a “bear-cat monkey face”. She considered herself ugly all her life and wrote about her poor appearance in letters. These statements give us an insight into her dissatisfaction and insecurity today.
Liselotte wrote around 60,000 letters in her lifetime. In them, she also reports on her experiences of exclusion at the court of the Sun King. She documented these court intrigues, which today would be more comparable to bullying. Liselotte's aversion to superficiality may have stemmed from her many years of experience with derogatory remarks. According to her own statement, she placed much greater value on “inner […] than outer […] beauty.“
Her many detailed letters still help scholars today to investigate the strictly regulated life of the French nobility. Freeing oneself from social constraints was often accompanied by confrontation. This was particularly difficult for women; in christian Europe, they were still held in low esteem long after the middle ages and were subordinate to men, restricted in their rights and freedoms. This was no exception, even for women of high social standing. Education was also strictly regulated, as it was feared that educated, strong and above all emancipated women would shift the status quo. The main task of a noble woman was to marry and bear children in order to preserve the dynasty. Marriage also served to accumulate more land and money, to claim titles and properties and to link the political and social relations of two dynasties. Love for the husband sometimes played no role at all, usually only a subordinate one.
Liselotte was also traditionally forced into a politically motivated marriage. On the one hand, to secure the future of her family in the Palatinate, but also to provide the House of Orléans with offspring befitting their rank. Throughout her life, she tried to break out of her “gilded cage”. She had already rebelled as a child. It is easy to see from her portraits that Liselotte appreciated all forms of freedom: For example, Lieselotte liked to be portrayed in the costume of Artemis/Diana, the goddess of the hunt. Artemis/Diana was known for not wanting to follow rules, she was connected to nature, spent most of her time hunting and wanted to stay away from all constraints as much as possible. All things that also characterized Liselotte. Despite her desire for freedom, Liselotte was unable to free herself from the constraints of her gender and her station.
Whether Liselotte actually felt uncomfortable in her female body - perhaps even suffered from gender dysphoria (contradiction between innate gender and gender identity) - or simply wanted to escape the norms and strong constraints of her time as a woman, can no longer be clarified today. What is certain, Liselotte did not have the vocabulary to describe herself as a trans person at the time, even if she had felt that way. However, one thing is clear: She had already attempted to change her gender in the 17th century and had spoken to confidants about it!
Ihr Kommentar